Green hydrogen is produced through a process called electrolysis, where electricity is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The electricity comes from renewable sources such as solar, wind, or hydropower — which is what makes the process “green.” Since no carbon emissions are released, the hydrogen produced is completely clean.

How the Process Works

1.Water Purification:
Before electrolysis, water is purified to remove salts and minerals that can interfere with efficiency.

2.Electrolysis:
In an electrolyser, an electric current separates water (H₂O) into hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂). The hydrogen is collected and stored, while oxygen is released into the air.

3.Storage and Distribution:
The hydrogen gas can be stored under pressure, liquefied at very low temperatures, or converted into compounds like ammonia for easier transport.

Modern technologies like Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM), Alkaline, and Solid Oxide electrolysers are improving efficiency and reducing costs. PEM systems are well-suited for pairing with intermittent renewables because they can quickly ramp up or down based on energy availability.

Global Leaders in Green Hydrogen

Several countries are investing heavily in green hydrogen as part of their clean energy strategies.

• European Union: The EU has launched the European Green Deal and Hydrogen Strategy, aiming to install at least 40 GW of electrolyser capacity by 2030. Germany leads the region, funding large-scale projects like the Hydrogen Valleys and partnering with countries for hydrogen imports.
• Japan: A pioneer in hydrogen technology, Japan has integrated hydrogen into its national energy plan. It’s developing hydrogen-powered vehicles and fuel cell infrastructure and is importing green ammonia from countries like Australia.
• South Korea: The Hydrogen Economy Roadmap envisions millions of hydrogen-powered vehicles by 2040, supported by renewable production and advanced storage technologies.
• Australia: With vast renewable resources, Australia is positioning itself as a major exporter of green hydrogen and ammonia to Asia. Projects like the Asian Renewable Energy Hub highlight its ambitions.
• India: India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to produce 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030. The government is promoting incentives, electrolyser manufacturing, and renewable-powered hydrogen hubs. Indian project developers and electrolyser manufacturers are playing a crucial role in building infrastructure and advancing electrolyser technology.
  
  

The Road Ahead

Globally, the focus is on scaling up production and reducing costs. As renewable power becomes cheaper, electrolysis efficiency improves, and governments introduce clear policies and funding support, green hydrogen is moving from pilot projects to commercial reality.

Countries leading today aren’t just investing in technology — they’re shaping the foundation of a future where hydrogen powers industries, transport, and entire economies sustainably.